birds
Out of birds houses "poverty trap" of China is facing new challenges, we can cross the "middle income trap"
Core Tip
GDP close to 40 trillion yuan, more birds houses than Japan, the second largest in the world after the United States; per capita GDP of about $ 4,400 - according to World Bank standards, China has been among the ranks of middle-income countries.
However, rapid economic growth, national strength birds houses to strong behind a looming reality: the development of transition highlights the unbalanced, uncoordinated and unsustainable, so out of "poverty trap" of China in the "five" is facing a new challenge - - "middle-income trap."
International experience birds houses shows that per capita GDP of $ 3,000 USD -10000 stage, both middle-income countries towards the developed countries to middle-period of opportunity, but also conflicts increase, climbing off threshold of the sensitive period. This stage, the economy is easy disorders, social disorder is easy, easy psychological imbalance, development of easy to fall into the "middle income trap."
China will not get stuck? China can not cross this bridge?
Economic risks -
Factor costs rising rapidly, into diminishing marginal benefit, comparative advantage is weakening, the traditional model of development unsustainable
Around the birds houses world, one country hit "middle income trap", the first from the economic risk incentives, that high economic growth is not sustainable, the growth mechanism of the original failure, and ultimately disruption of economic take-off or even regressed.
China stand on the steps of middle-income countries, the economic development of the land, resources, energy, labor and other factor costs rising rapidly, diminishing marginal benefit of investment in the development of comparative advantage is weakening, it is likely to be falling into the "middle income trap "the direct cause.
Economic growth is "double-edged sword." Since reform and opening, China's active participation in international division of labor, labor-rich, low-cost labor, cheap energy resources such as comparative advantage, to attract foreign invesbirds housestment, international market, to develop labor-intensive industries from low-income countries to achieve rapid transition to middle-income countries, but also brings the cost is high, consumption, income is low, serious imbalances and other issues.
- Manufacturing is big but not strong, the lack of core competitiveness.
Low proportion of tertiary industry in China, an urgent need to optimize the industrial structure. Many industries are concentrated in the areas of processing and assembly, in the low end of the global industrial chain. birds houses Large-scale processing plants, in fact, just the "workshop", in R & D, technology, patents, standards and brand, sales and service is often part of high value-added "people have the final say." As the industry lack of "core" capacity for independent innovation is weak, the key technology by foreign countries, a large number of industry profits can only hand over the outside, resulting in many coastal manufacturing enterprise "factory, the employees more, but wages do not go up." "Fortune," published in 2011 list of Fortune 500 companies, the Chinese mainland accounted for 61 seats, but the low proportion of birds houses manufacturing enterprises.
- Labor costs, the demographic dividend waning.
The past two years, "labor shortage" are birds houses frequent in the southeast coast, to the spread of the Midwest, the proportion of migrant workers in young adults decreased, labor supply and demand began to move, "Lewis turning point" occurs comprehensive, trend changes. As labor costs increase, the demographic dividend contribution to economic growth is declining, and economic impact of China's international competitiveness. birds houses
- Over-reliance on investment-driven, environmental pressures.
China birds houses in recent 30 years, taking the investment in a typical high-strength, extensional development of roads, the pursuit of high-speed growth, the area stretched too tight, immediate access to resources, overdraft, overcapacity, excessive emissions, environmental degradation and other issues. 2010 China's GDP accounted for 9.5% of the world, one-time energy consumption of 32.5 million tons of coal, energy intensity is three times the United States, Japan, 5 times. Electricity, steel, nonferrous metal eight industries average energy consumption per unit of product higher birds houses than 47% of the world advanced level.
- The structure of demand imbalance, long-term low consumption rate.
Any birds houses high-income countries are dominated by middle-income groups, the "consumer society." In China, government, businesses and residents in the three main structure of income, the balance tilted to keep the government and enterprises, governments and enterprises to achieve high revenue growth conditions, the more funds for investment. Restricting the spending power birds houses imbalance in the distribution, the consumer is more difficult to expand. National Development and Reform Commission, said Wang Yiming, vice president of Macroeconomic Research, 2001 to 2010, China's investment rate rose from 36.5% 48.6% 61.4% consumption rate dropped from 47.4%, of which household consumption rate dropped from 45.3% 33.8%, well below the level of around 70% in developed countries, even lower than the "BRIC" - Brazil, India.birds houses
Ma Xiaohe, vice president of Macroeconomic birds houses Research of National Development and Reform Commission said that the international financial crisis, developed countries are adjusting their strategies to encourage more high-tech exports; Vietnam, Bangladesh and other developing countries to use more than my cheap resources and labor costs speed up the output to the United States and Europe and other markets of labor-intensive products. Over-reliance on external demand in China are suffering from the U.S. and EU economic structure "pressure" and the emerging birds houses economies of the "squeeze", the traditional development model increasingly difficult to sustain and increase our approaching "middle income trap" of risk.
Core Tip
GDP close to 40 trillion yuan, more birds houses than Japan, the second largest in the world after the United States; per capita GDP of about $ 4,400 - according to World Bank standards, China has been among the ranks of middle-income countries.
However, rapid economic growth, national strength birds houses to strong behind a looming reality: the development of transition highlights the unbalanced, uncoordinated and unsustainable, so out of "poverty trap" of China in the "five" is facing a new challenge - - "middle-income trap."
International experience birds houses shows that per capita GDP of $ 3,000 USD -10000 stage, both middle-income countries towards the developed countries to middle-period of opportunity, but also conflicts increase, climbing off threshold of the sensitive period. This stage, the economy is easy disorders, social disorder is easy, easy psychological imbalance, development of easy to fall into the "middle income trap."
China will not get stuck? China can not cross this bridge?
Economic risks -
Factor costs rising rapidly, into diminishing marginal benefit, comparative advantage is weakening, the traditional model of development unsustainable
Around the birds houses world, one country hit "middle income trap", the first from the economic risk incentives, that high economic growth is not sustainable, the growth mechanism of the original failure, and ultimately disruption of economic take-off or even regressed.
China stand on the steps of middle-income countries, the economic development of the land, resources, energy, labor and other factor costs rising rapidly, diminishing marginal benefit of investment in the development of comparative advantage is weakening, it is likely to be falling into the "middle income trap "the direct cause.
Economic growth is "double-edged sword." Since reform and opening, China's active participation in international division of labor, labor-rich, low-cost labor, cheap energy resources such as comparative advantage, to attract foreign invesbirds housestment, international market, to develop labor-intensive industries from low-income countries to achieve rapid transition to middle-income countries, but also brings the cost is high, consumption, income is low, serious imbalances and other issues.
- Manufacturing is big but not strong, the lack of core competitiveness.
Low proportion of tertiary industry in China, an urgent need to optimize the industrial structure. Many industries are concentrated in the areas of processing and assembly, in the low end of the global industrial chain. birds houses Large-scale processing plants, in fact, just the "workshop", in R & D, technology, patents, standards and brand, sales and service is often part of high value-added "people have the final say." As the industry lack of "core" capacity for independent innovation is weak, the key technology by foreign countries, a large number of industry profits can only hand over the outside, resulting in many coastal manufacturing enterprise "factory, the employees more, but wages do not go up." "Fortune," published in 2011 list of Fortune 500 companies, the Chinese mainland accounted for 61 seats, but the low proportion of birds houses manufacturing enterprises.
- Labor costs, the demographic dividend waning.
The past two years, "labor shortage" are birds houses frequent in the southeast coast, to the spread of the Midwest, the proportion of migrant workers in young adults decreased, labor supply and demand began to move, "Lewis turning point" occurs comprehensive, trend changes. As labor costs increase, the demographic dividend contribution to economic growth is declining, and economic impact of China's international competitiveness. birds houses
- Over-reliance on investment-driven, environmental pressures.
China birds houses in recent 30 years, taking the investment in a typical high-strength, extensional development of roads, the pursuit of high-speed growth, the area stretched too tight, immediate access to resources, overdraft, overcapacity, excessive emissions, environmental degradation and other issues. 2010 China's GDP accounted for 9.5% of the world, one-time energy consumption of 32.5 million tons of coal, energy intensity is three times the United States, Japan, 5 times. Electricity, steel, nonferrous metal eight industries average energy consumption per unit of product higher birds houses than 47% of the world advanced level.
- The structure of demand imbalance, long-term low consumption rate.
Any birds houses high-income countries are dominated by middle-income groups, the "consumer society." In China, government, businesses and residents in the three main structure of income, the balance tilted to keep the government and enterprises, governments and enterprises to achieve high revenue growth conditions, the more funds for investment. Restricting the spending power birds houses imbalance in the distribution, the consumer is more difficult to expand. National Development and Reform Commission, said Wang Yiming, vice president of Macroeconomic Research, 2001 to 2010, China's investment rate rose from 36.5% 48.6% 61.4% consumption rate dropped from 47.4%, of which household consumption rate dropped from 45.3% 33.8%, well below the level of around 70% in developed countries, even lower than the "BRIC" - Brazil, India.birds houses
Ma Xiaohe, vice president of Macroeconomic birds houses Research of National Development and Reform Commission said that the international financial crisis, developed countries are adjusting their strategies to encourage more high-tech exports; Vietnam, Bangladesh and other developing countries to use more than my cheap resources and labor costs speed up the output to the United States and Europe and other markets of labor-intensive products. Over-reliance on external demand in China are suffering from the U.S. and EU economic structure "pressure" and the emerging birds houses economies of the "squeeze", the traditional development model increasingly difficult to sustain and increase our approaching "middle income trap" of risk.
